DictionaryiOn the welcome page of the dictionary, four major sections are shown: Normal tissues, Cancer, Cell structure and Protein expression. Below the image of each section are links to introductory texts for i) normal tissue histology, ii) hallmarks of cancer and iii) cell cycle overview. Within each section there are direct links to histology descriptions of different tissue types and tumor forms as well as descriptions of cell structures. Furthest to the right there is a "Protein expression" section which includes a list of genes with links to examples of different protein expression patterns.
A common feature for all sections is that a general descriptive text about the tissue, tumor-type, cell structure or protein/antibody is provided when browsing a particular topic.
The aim of the dictionary is to facilitate the interpretation and use of the image-based data available in the Human Protein Atlas, but also to serve as a tool for training and understanding tissue histology, pathology and cell biology. The dictionary contains three main parts, normal tissue histology, pathology and cell structure. This dictionary covering normal tissues and pathology is based on full tissue sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and representative high-resolution images are displayed at different magnifications. The cell atlas covers intra-cellular structures and is based on immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy images, using different color channels to highlight the organelle structure of a cell.
A fourth part of this dictionary, protein expression, shows examples of immunohistochemistry and demonstrates how well-known proteins are expressed in various cells of different tissues.
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PROTEIN EXPRESSIONi Normal and cancer tissues have been stained using immunohistochemistry to visualize various protein expression patterns. Antibodies have been selected to demonstrate the expression patterns of well-known proteins and to reflect antibodies used in clinical diagnostics to determine the nature of a given cancer. For certain antibodies the corresponding protein expression pattern is shown in both normal and cancer tissues. For each exemplified protein there is a short descriptive text including the clinical usefulness of the corresponding antibody. |
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Immunohistochemistry
ACTA2 Smooth muscle marker
AMACR Marker for prostate cancer
AMY1A Amylase - Marker for salivary gland and pancreas
CD1A Marker for antigen presenting cells
CD3E CD3 - General T cell marker
CD4 T helper cell marker
CD55 Marker for the reticular network in lymphatic tissues
CD68 General monocyte/histiocyte/macrophage marker
CD79A General B cell marker
CD8A CD8 - T cytotoxic cell marker
CDH1 E-cadherin - Marker for non-neural epithelial cells
CDX2 Marker for cells in the gastrointestinal tract
CHGA Chromogranin A - Marker for neuroendocrine cells
DES Desmin - Marker for muscle cells
ERBB2 HER2 - Treatment predictive marker for cancer
ESR1 Estrogen receptor alpha - Marker for female tissues and cancers
FLG Filaggrin - Differentiation marker for squamous epithelia
GAST Gastrin - Marker for G-cells of the stomach
GCG Glucagon - Marker for pancreatic alpha-cells
GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein - Marker for astrocytes
INS Insulin - Marker for pancreatic beta-cells
KLK3 PSA - Marker for normal prostate and prostate cancer
KRT18 Keratin 18 - Epithelial cell marker used for differential diagnostics of cancer
KRT19 Keratin 19 - Epithelial cell marker used for differential diagnostics of cancer
KRT20 Keratin 20 - Epithelial cell marker used for differential diagnostics of cancer
KRT6A Keratin 6 (KRT6) - Epithelial cell marker used for differential diagnostics of cancer
MKI67 Ki-67 - General marker for proliferation
MLANA Melan-A - Marker for normal melanocytes and melanoma
MME CD10 - Marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
NKX2-1 NK2 homeobox 1 (TTF1) - Marker for lungcancer
PECAM1 CD31 - Marker for blood vessels
PGR Progesterone receptor - Marker for female tissues and cancers
PODXL Marker for podocytes in glomeruli
PTH Parathyroid hormone - Marker for the parathyroid gland
PTPRC CD45 - General marker for hematopoietic and immune cells.
S100B S100 - Marker for neurogenic and melanocytic cells
SATB2 Marker for colorectal cancer
SDC1 CD138 - General plasma cell marker
SST Somatostatin - Marker for pancreatic delta-cells
TG Thyroglobulin - Marker for normal thyroid and thyroid cancer
TNNT3 Troponin T type 3 - Marker for fast skeletal muscles
TP53 Tumor protein p53 - The anti-cancer watchdog
TP63 P63 - Marker for basal epithelial cells
VIM Vimentin - Marker for mesenchymal cells |
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Complementary annotation dictionaries using antibodies found in the Human Protein Atlas are available as PDF-documents:
Immunohistochemistry annotation dictionary:
screen usage (15MB),
printing (95MB).