A recent addition to the single cell type section are the ciliated cells in the fallopian tubes. Ciliated cells in the fallopian tube play an important role in the female reproductive system, facilitating successful fertilization and transport of gametes. This time, we focus on the elevated expression of the genes forkhead box J1 (FOXJ1) and dynein axonemal intermediate chain 2 (DNAI2).

The ciliated cells in the fallopian tube are characterized by their hair-like projections, which are densely packed on their apical surfaces. The cilia's rhythmic beating creates a coordinated flow of fluid within the fallopian tube, serving multiple essential functions. The ciliated cells create a directional flow that helps to sweep the released egg cell from the ovary into the fallopian tube's ampulla, where fertilization is most likely to occur. They also aid in the removal of debris, pathogens, and potential ectopic pregnancies. The rhythmic beating of the cilia helps to sweep these substances away from the fallopian tube and towards the uterus, preventing their accumulation and reducing the risk of infections and other complications.

An example of an important protein with elevated expression in ciliated cells is FOXJ1, which is a nuclear transcription factor required for the production of motile cilia. Another example is DNAI2, which is a component of the motor protein dynein that is needed for the movement of cilia and the sperm tail flagella.

Understanding the biology and mechanics of ciliated cells in the fallopian tube is essential for improving and enhancing our comprehension of reproductive disorders. Research in this area could lead to advancements in reproductive medicine and women's health.

For more information on other cell types, visit the Single cell type section of the protein atlas.